Nanostructuring Optical Waveguides by Focused Ion Beam Milling. Near-Field Characterization
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Nanostructures have become an attractive subject due to many applications, particularly the photonic bandgap effect observed in photonic crystals. Nevertheless, the fabrication of such structures remains a challenge because of accurate requirement concerning regularity, shape, hole depth etc. of the structure. E-beam lithography permits a good control of dimensional parameters but needs a 1-step fabrication process. In our work, we have to combine traditional strip-load waveguides (SiO2/SiON/SiO2 on Si) and nanostructures whose dimension are totally different. This imposes a 2-step process where waveguides and nanostructures are successively fabricated. We have at our disposal different ways to characterize these nanostructures. A direct aspect control during and after FIB treatment can be achieved by FIB and SEM imaging. Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) is currently the most effective way to test guiding confinement in such surface structures by detecting the evanescent field.
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Available online at http://www.kps.or.kr/home/kor/journal/library/search.asp?